Role Of Branding In Marketing Fmcg Products Uk Marketing Essay

Role Of Branding In Marketing Fmcg Products Uk Marketing Essay Marketing strategy is the means of concentrating organizations resources so that it can lead to increased sales and supremacy on a targeted market. The organizations marketing goals has to be identified and methods developed to achieve the target within a time frame. Building brand identity and development is one of the fundamental strategies in marketing. The American Marketing Association (AMA) defines a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of other sellers. Building a brand identity in a highly competitive global market is to be done by a combined plan involving research, advertising and marketing. Thus branding is not only prompting the target market to prefer your product over others in the market, but also creating the impression that your product is the best choice for solving the problems of the targeted audience. Good branding strategies involves To succeed in branding it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the requirements of the targeted clients. Incorporating effective brand strategies so as to influence the hearts of customers is essential. Due to the highly competitive market a strong brand name is important. It is necessary to spend time investing in researching, defining, and building brand name. Branding and advertisements of FMCGs are targeted at a wider audience and is subjected to a high level of competition. In order to stay competitive it is of great importance for FMCG manufacturers to effectively build up their brand name so as to ensure that customers are aware of their product. FMCG manufacturers have to be aware of the latest techniques and strategies involved in building brands and in adding value to the brand. Data collection is the most vital stage in the research process and it is proposed to be undertaken using case studies and survey. It is proposed to do an initial market survey and identify the key players in a few of the major segments of the FMCG sector. Survey will be conducted in the form of analysis of market reports and industry reports. A case study of the branding strategies adopted by the key organizations will be studied. Brand awareness strategies being followed will be examined. Customer perception of the role of branding will be examined on the basis of a brand awareness survey among the target market. Accurate sampling procedures are an important prerequisite of research data collection. An appropriate sampling procedure as random sample, stratified sample, or cluster sample will be adopted based on the target population and parameters being considered. Quantitative and qualitative survey will be performed in the form of interviews and questionnaires. Review of literature: The extensive variety of consumable goods provided by the FMCG industry provides a large turnover for the country, at the same time competition among FMCG companies is also escalating. Some of the leading FMCG companies are Sara Lee, Nestlà ©, Unilever, Procter Gamble, Coca-Cola, Carlsberg, Kleenex, General Mills, etc. Sales in the FMCG industry in grocery retail sector in UK are estimated to be  £14.5 billion in 2000 whereas the market for non-food FMCG market in UK is estimated to be  £110 billion and is increasing at a rapid pace. The FMCG sector is reported to account for 19% of the UKs GDP. Marketing strategy consists of well executed plans to make marketing effective. A marketing strategy often integrates an organizations marketing goals, policies, and plans together (Mc Donalds, M, 2007). Marketing theory involves identifying Target Audience, Planning, and Implementation. Marketing research provides management with correct, dependable and up to date information. Marketing research is essential in view of Competitive marketing and the spiralling ever-increasing costs. The strategy for marketing research is elucidated by McDaniel (2006). Management make decisions about target market selection, market segmentation, planning and implementing marketing programs. Further problems may crop up due to controllable and uncontrollable variables. Pricing is a controllable variable while uncontrollable variables include environmental variable, economic conditions, political instability, competition, and social and cultural changes. The twin concepts of Brand identity and positioning play an important role in managing branding (Aaker, 1996). An accurate description of the brands market and the objectives that the brand needs to accomplish is vital for effectiveness of brand building. First step in identity building is benchmarking of brands (Upshaw, 1995). Brand should encompass the company characteristics, image and core strengths. If branding is effective credibility of company is enhanced and helps in building a strong customer base. To attain brand marketing goals an understanding of the target market is necessary. This requires performing a market analysis. By identifying target audience it will be easier to connect with the target customers thus enabling grabbing the attention of the audience. Thus companies have to narrow down their target market. Tracking brand equity over time including awareness and brand loyalty is important (Aaker, 1996). Market awareness and perceptions of brand can change with time . Packaging a brand is a fundamental part of business. Brand packaging has a profound influence on the consumer in a positive or negative way. This is of great significance when a new product is being launched as a positive influence may persuade the consumer to buy the product. The other areas of significance as cited by various authors are Brand equity research (Consumers perception of the brand), Brand association research (customers association with the brand), Brand attribute research (the key traits that describe the brand), Brand naming (what do consumers feel about the names of the products). Data Analysis The data, qualitative data in the form of interviews and quantitative data in the form of questionnaires will be analysed. The graphical representation of data will be done on the basis of Line graphs, Pie charts and bar charts. The data will be processed and analysed and statistically tested for each parameter and thereby infer the patterns in the collected data. Observations and Findings: The brand strategies specific to FMCG sector adopted by companies will be listed out and discussed on the basis of the case studies conducted. The successful patterns will be identified. The results from quantitative and qualitative research in the form of interviews and questionnaires will be evaluated. The customers perception of branding will be discussed in detail.

Comparing Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau :: Compare Contrast Comparison

By acting civil but disobedient you are able to protest things you don't think are fair, non-violently. Henry David Thoreau is one of the most important literary figures of the nineteenth century. Thoreau?s essay 'Civil Disobedience,' which was written as a speech, has been used by many great thinkers such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Ghandi as a map to fight against injustice. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a pastor that headed the Civil Rights movement. He was a gifted speaker and a powerful writer whose philosophy was non-violent but direct action. Dr.King?s strategy was to have sit-ins, boycotts, and marches. Dr. King's 'Letter from Birmingham Jail' was based on the principles of Thoreau's 'Civil Disobedience'. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau are exceptional persuasive writers. Even though both writers are writing on ways to be civil but disobedient, they have opposite ways of convicing you. Dr. King is religious, gentle and apologetic, focusing on whats good for the group; while Thoreau is very aggressive and assertive for his own personal hate against the government. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau have the same ideas, but view them differently. Dr. King wants to ultimately raise awareness and open doors for the better of a group. Thoreau wants more individual rights for people. Dr. King is explaining his view of conscience: I submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  unjust, and willingly accepts the penalty by staying in jail to arouse the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  very highest respect for the law (Martin Luther King, p. 521).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This quote shows Dr. King?s opinion on going to jail. King knows that he was unjustly put into jail. He accepts going to jail even though he was put in jail wrongly. The community then knows of the injustice and should pressure the government. The other thing that happens is King is respecting the law by obeying it. He is a peaceful man and wants justice, but believes in following the rules peacefully to get the job done. Thoreau feels that conscience plays a more personal role. Can there not be a government in which majorities do not virtually decide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  right and wrong, but conscience?... Must the citizen ever for a moment, or   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  in the least degree, resign his conscience to the legislator? Why has every   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  man a conscience, then. I think that we should be men first, and subject   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  afterward (Henry David Thoreau, p.581). Thoreau is questioning why majorities make the rules.

“Blood Brothers” by Willy Russell

â€Å"Blood Brothers†, by Willy Russell, is the story of twin brothers born to a working class deserted mother, Mrs Johnston. One twin is called Mickey and one is called Eddie. Mrs Johnston works as a cleaner in Mrs Lyons' middle class home. Mrs Lyons is barren and longs for a child very much. She suggests keeping one of Mrs Johnston's twins and raising it as her own as Mrs Johnston doesn't have the space or money to support another child. When the children are born they are immediately separated. Despite their mothers' best efforts, Eddie and Mickey meet again when they are seven and become best friends and ironically â€Å"Blood Brothers.† The twins continue to meet coincidently throughout their lives until the differences in their upbringing force their friendship to end. There is, however, a last meeting where all secrets are revealed and both lives end in tragedy. Willy Russell was born and grew up in Liverpool. He left school at 15, with no qualifications. His work reflects his interest in dramatising the lives of ordinary working-class people in an accessible and entertaining way. Characters Mickey comes across as a happy person, but is also very wary, as we see when Eddie gives Mickey the sweets. Mickey is surprised that Eddie gives the sweets after only asking once; he thinks that Eddie may have done something to them. On the other hand, Eddie is a very cheerful child, who does not really have anything to worry about in life, because Mrs Lyons can provide his every want and need. He lives a formal life with Mr and Mrs Lyons, although we do not hear much of Mr Lyons throughout the play. When he meets Mickey he is really taken back by the language that Mickey uses, we see this when Eddie says, â€Å"P***ed off. You say smashing things don't you? P***ed off. Do you know any more words like that?† This also shows that Eddie is very interested in the way Mickey speaks, maybe because Mrs Lyons has kept him very secure in his lifetime and has not let him hear anything like this. On stage I think Eddie may wear posh, top of the range clothes. He would speak in a formal way; he will only speak slang when he is repeating what Mickey has said e.g. â€Å"p***ed off†. Mrs Johnstone, who plays the role of the mother in Blood Brothers, seems very innocent and naive at the start of the play. She is also very gullible and believes anything she is told. Some examples of this are when she is told by her ex boyfriend that she is sexier that Marilyn Monroe, it also says in the play that she is 30 but looks 60. During the play Mrs Lyons also tells the mother that if once the twins are separated and they find out that they are twins that they will die, which Mrs Johnstone also believes. The mother's children also play a big part in her life even though she can only just afford to keep them. She works at Mrs Lyons' house as a cleaner to support her family. She doesn't have any one else bringing in any money to her household as her boyfriend walked out on her. The mother doesn't care that there is only just enough money as she loves every single one of her children; we can see this in the play when she says â€Å"I love the bones off of every one of them†. When she is working for Mrs Lyons, she doesn't care if she is pregnant â€Å"If I have it at the weekend I won't even need to take a day off† this shows that Mrs Johnstone is eager to support her family as much as she possibly can. Mrs Johnstone is a very uneducated person as you can tell when she says â€Å"Ill still be able to do me work†. She would always say â€Å"me† instead of â€Å"my†; however, she talks like this because of her Liverpool accent. Mrs Lyons, who adopts one of Mrs Johnstone's newborn twins, has a lot more power than the mother â€Å"My husband is due back tomorrow I must have my baby now!† The mother doesn't want to give her baby away but Mrs Lyons is a very persuasive person as we see when she says â€Å"If he grew up†¦ as our son†¦ he could have everything†. Once Mrs Lyons has the baby she is very possessive of him â€Å"Edward is my son. Mine Mrs Johnstone†. This shows that Mrs Lyons is determined to get her way all the time. During the play we also see that Mrs Lyons is a very jealous person as we can tell when she says â€Å"You're always bothering over him, fussing over him†. This also shows that she is also selfish as she doesn't want Eddie mixing with Mrs Johnstone and her family. She also shows that she is selfish when she says â€Å"come on, come on you know it's for the best.† The police woman treats Mrs Johnstone as if she is a lower class than herself. We can see this in the way that the police woman talks to Mrs Johnstone in general. The style and tone that the policewoman talks to the mother also shows this. When the policewoman visits Mrs Johnstone she makes the reason why she is there very clear, the effect that this would have on the mother is to scare her a bit and to keep her children under control. We can tell the policewoman is fed up of having to visit Mrs Johnstone about her children time after time, as we see when she says â€Å"If I have any more trouble from one of yours† she also says â€Å"I warned you about your Sammy, didn't I?† Here we can also see the policewoman repeats herself for emphasis and to intimidate the mother. She also repeats herself saying, â€Å"and he was about to commit a serious crime, love, a serious crime†. In this quote the policewoman also talks to Mrs Johnstone as if she knows her when she says â€Å"love†. The policewoman uses this to give herself the power in the relationship. When the policewoman visits Mrs Lyons we can see the difference in the way that she is treated to Mrs Johnstone. The way the policewoman talks to Mrs Lyons shows that she doesn't have as much confidence talking to her, as we can see when she says, â€Å"well err thanks for the drink†. When the policewoman says â€Å"err† we can see that she is uneasy speaking to Mrs Lyons. However, we can see that the policewoman respects Mrs Lyons as she always calls he by her proper name, and is polite to her as we see when she says â€Å"sorry if im interfering† The play begins and ends with the narrator speaking. The final Scene only varies in the last line. â€Å"How one was kept one given away† and â€Å"They were born and died on the self same day†. The line changes at the ends because the twins were shot dead, but at the beginning it is when the twins have just been born and the mother gives on of them away. Another word for narrator is storyteller, and the narrator in Blood Brothers acts like a story teller because he/she tells us the story before it actually happen in the scene. The narrator also comments through out the play. A typical thing that the narrator would refer to is what is happening at that moment in the play. He/she tells us what the characters are feeling which could make us feel differently about the characters. At the beginning of the play the narrator basically tells us that the mother is an evil woman. We see this when the narrator says â€Å"That woman with a stone in place of a heart†. As the play moves on we see the mother's circumstances which shows us that she is not really an evil woman. This makes us feel sympathetic toward the mother, in the way that the narrator talks about her in the play. Also at the beginning of the play we think that Mrs Lyons is an innocent person but she really is not an innocent person because she says that the twins should never meet because if they do they will die. When the twins do meet she kills them both. The narrator does not really give us an idea what Mrs Lyons is like, which could give us the impression that she is up to something and that something is going to happen. The narrator's language and the fact that lines are sung means that what they say is not really realistic. But we still listen to what the narrator is saying. The narrator's lines are like a ballad because the narrator sings most of his/hers lines and it is also telling a sad story, although we don't really see what is so sad about the play until the end of it. The effect is that it lets us know that something is going to happen. The narrator singing sort of brings the audience back to reality, so that they do not get too sunk into the play and so that the message of the play gets across to the audience. The end of the play is quite dramatic. We know that the play is leading up to something bad and we finally find this out in the final scene but it all happens so fast. When Mrs Lyons enters the room and kills both of the twins so suddenly the audience would be shocked. Staging On stage I think Mickey would speak with a lot of slang and informal language. He may dress in old, maybe even second hand clothes. When he moves around the stage he may move very cautious of his surroundings and the people around him. This might be because we know he is a suspicious person so he may think something is going to happen at any moment or someone may do something to him. We can imagine this when he takes one of the sweets that Eddie offers him, trying to work out the catch. On stage I think Eddie may wear posh, top of the range clothes. He would speak in a formal way; he will only speak slang when he is repeating what Mickey has said e.g. â€Å"p***ed off†. The Theatre In The Round is the perfect theatre to perform â€Å"Blood Brothers† as it gives a great atmosphere for the musical. A Theatre In The Round gives the actors the opportunity to enter the stage from the audience, during performances this gives an unbelievable effect, it will ensure that the audience stay in focus with the show and will want to watch. In this show, a lot of emotion is shown in most characters. These characters must show that they have feelings and emotion; they must show this in their gait e.g. a fast walk may show anger. Also, facial expressions are needed to show emotion, a smile would show happiness, a frown would show confusion or anger and a sad face would show unhappiness or sadness. Stage directions are very important in a show like â€Å"Blood Brothers† because there wouldn't be any atmosphere to endure if the actors were stood still, Mickey is a very challenging role which needs to have a lot of emotion, personality and movement. His character needs to be alive at all times because of his personality and lifestyle. Pacing is a very good stage direction for Mickey as he is on edge at most points during the end of the play. However, although Eddie is also a challenging role to perform it requires less emotion and personality than Mickey. Eddie is more laid back than Mickey as he can afford to do most things, this causes their friendship to end at a certain point in the play. The best stage direction for Eddie is a resting position e.g. stretching in a chair. He is more relaxed as he has a better education than Mickey and he cannot understand how Mickey lives his life. The best analogy for the twins would be that Mickey and Eddie are like two magnets that repel in most ways, however, they attract in some ways because of their genetic resemblance. Sound & Sound Effects Throughout the play, there are some very tense moments which will need to be backed up by sound effects. For example, when Mickey approaches Eddie from behind – I am looking at the last scene – he is about to shoot him, there should be some tense, on the edge music. However, when he stopped by Mrs Johnstone, he is told that Eddie is his brother. The sound should then change from tense to slow and calm. At this point he is realising why they weren't allowed to meet each other in the beginning and he is realising why they are so alike. I think that sound is paramount to a play, as it is a necessity for people in the production to learn queues and timing. Conclusion I think that the message of the play is that your life is affected by the social class you are from and that it is a lot harder to get anywhere if you are in a lower social class. We see an example of this in the scene with the policewoman, in the way that Mrs Lyons is treated compared to Mrs Johnstone. With Mrs Lyons, the policewoman underplays the seriousness of the crime that Mickey and Eddie had committed as we see when she says â€Å"As I said it was probably more of a prank†. So Eddie is being let off of it because of his family's higher social class. When the police woman Visits Mickey's house it is a completely different scene, the police woman lays down quite hard on Mickey's mum because of her lower social class, and because she is more of an easy target to pick on. In conclusion I think that Willy Russell is trying to tell people that the higher up your social class, the easier your life will be and the lower down your social class, the harder life will be for you. For many years now social class has remained quite a big thing. The idea came around in the 1770s at the time of the industrial revolution when jobs were cut and the social divide started. Some people became richer and some became poorer which started the idea of social class.

Biography of Catherine Howard, Queen of England

Biography of Catherine Howard, Queen of England Catherine Howard (c. 1523–February 13, 1542) was the fifth wife of Henry VIII. During her brief marriage, she was officially the Queen of England. Howard was beheaded for adultery and unchastity in 1542. Fast Facts: Catherine Howard Known For: Howard was briefly the Queen of England; her husband Henry VIII ordered her to be beheaded for adultery.Born: 1523 in London, EnglandParents: Lord Edmund Howard  and  Joyce CulpeperDied: February 13, 1542 in London, EnglandSpouse: King Henry VIII (m. 1540) Early Life Catherine Howard was born in London, England, sometime around 1523. Her parents were  Lord Edmund Howard  and  Joyce Culpeper. In 1531, through the influence of his niece Anne Boleyn, Edmund Howard obtained a position as comptroller for Henry VIII in Calais. When her father went to Calais, Catherine Howard was placed in the care of Agnes Tilney, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, her fathers stepmother.  Howard lived with Agnes Tilney at Chesworth House and then at Norfolk House. She was one of many young nobles sent to live under Agnes Tilneys supervision- and that supervision was notably loose.  Howards education, which included reading and writing and music, was directed by Tilney. Youthful Indiscretions About 1536, while living with Tilney at Chesworth House, Howard had a sexual relationship with a music tutor, Henry Manox (Mannox or Mannock). Tilney reportedly struck Howard when she caught the two together. Manox followed her to Norfolk House and tried to continue a relationship. Manox was eventually replaced in young Howards affections by Frances Dereham, a secretary and relative. Howard shared a bed at the Tilney home with Katherine Tilney, and the two were visited a few times in their bedchamber by Dereham and Edward Malgrave, a cousin of Henry Manox, Howards former love. Howard and Dereham apparently did consummate their relationship, reportedly calling each other husband and wife and promising marriage- what to the church amounted to a contract of marriage. Manox heard gossip of the relationship and jealously reported it to Agnes Tilney. When Dereham saw the warning note, he guessed it had been written by Manox, which implies that Dereham knew of Howards relationship with him.  Tilney again struck her granddaughter for her behavior and sought to end the relationship. Howard was sent to court, and  Dereham went to Ireland. At Court Howard was to serve as a lady in waiting to Henry VIIIs newest (fourth) queen, Anne of Cleves, soon to arrive in England. This assignment was probably arranged by her uncle, Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk and one of Henrys advisors.  Anne of Cleves arrived in England in December 1539, and Henry may have first seen Howard at that event. At court, she caught the kings attention, as he was quite quickly unhappy in his new marriage. Henry started courting Howard, and by May was publicly giving her gifts. Anne complained of this attraction to the ambassador from her homeland. Marriage Henry had his marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled on July 9, 1540. He then married Catherine Howard on July 28, generously bestowing jewelry and other expensive gifts on his much-younger and attractive bride. On their wedding day, Thomas Cromwell, who had arranged the marriage of Henry to Anne of Cleves, was executed. Howard was publicly made queen on August 8. Early the next year, Howard began a flirtation- perhaps more- with one of Henrys favorites, Thomas Culpeper, who was also a distant relative on her mothers side and who had a reputation for lechery. Arranging their clandestine meetings was Howards lady of the privy chamber, Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, widow of George Boleyn who had been executed with his sister Anne Boleyn. Only Lady Rochford and Katherine Tilney were permitted into Howards rooms when Culpeper was present. Whether Culpeper and Howard were lovers or whether she was pressured by him but did not acquiesce to his sexual advances is unknown. Howard was even more reckless than to pursue that relationship; she brought her old lovers Manox and Dereham to court as well, as her musician and secretary. Dereham bragged about their relationship, and she may have made the appointments in an attempt to silence them about their past. Charges On November 2, 1541, Cranmer confronted Henry with the allegations about Howards indiscretions. Henry at first did not believe the allegations. Dereham and Culpeper confessed to their part in these relationships after being tortured, and Henry abandoned Howard. Cranmer zealously pursued the case against Howard. She was charged with unchastity before her marriage and with concealing her precontract and her indiscretions from the king before their marriage, thereby committing treason. She was also accused of adultery, which for a queen consort was also treason. A number of Howards relatives were also questioned about her past, and some were charged with treasonous acts for concealing her sexual past. These relatives were all pardoned, though some lost their property. On November 23, Howards title of queen was stripped from her. Culpeper and Dereham were executed on December 10 and their heads displayed on London Bridge. Death On January 21, 1542, Parliament passed a bill of attainder making Howards actions an executable offense. She was taken to the Tower of London on February 10, Henry signed the bill of attainder, and she was executed on the morning of February 13. Like her cousin Anne Boleyn, also beheaded for treason, Howard was buried without any marker in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula. During Queen Victorias reign in the 19th century, both bodies were exhumed and identified, and their resting places were marked. Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, was also beheaded. She was  buried with Howard. Legacy Historians and scholars have struggled to reach a consensus about Howard, with some describing her as a deliberate troublemaker and others characterizing her as an innocent victim of King Henrys rages. Howard has been depicted in a variety of plays, films, and television series, including The Private Life of Henry VIII and The Tudors. Ford Madox Ford wrote a fictionalized version of her life in the novel The Fifth Queen. Sources Crawford, Anne.  Letters of the Queens of England, 1100-1547. Alan Sutton, 1994.Fraser, Antonia. The Wives of Henry VIII. 1993.Weir, Alison.  The Six Wives of Henry VIII. Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

Decision Making Process

Decision Making Process Decision making has a key role in determining the success of an organization, given that resources and other important parts of a company are influenced by decisions made. The speed with which decisions can be made is of essence as it directly determines the rate of duty execution thus; it is paramount for decisions to be timely. This has elicited debate as to which strategy of decision making between decentralized or centralized is better for organizations to adopt.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The management of AES for example, is inclined to the decentralized strategy of decision making. Though the organization stresses on four core values that must be followed by everybody, each department has the freedom of choosing which method to use in executing their duties bearing in mind the core values (O’Reilly Pferffer 2000). Human resource department i s not part of the organization’s strategy of decision making instead, employees are supposed to come up with ways of tackling issues in their line of duty. It is the responsibility of the employees to organize for training sessions whenever they are faced with difficult situations or issues that they are not conversant with. Through this, the employees of AES have learned to be responsible for their actions and they feel they are part of the people who will make the organization succeed and therefore, their level of productivity has increased. The strategy helps the organization in adapting fast to the dynamic business world and expedites the decision making process, as well as enhancing common set of values that are followed by each employee (O’Reilly Pfeffer 2000). Centralized decision making strategy does not provide for flexibility incase there are unforeseen changes in the business environment therefore, giving the opponents a competitive advantage in such instan ces. The easiness and speed of decision making that is associated with decentralized decision making strategy allows quick reaction to the dynamics of the business world, and that is what has helped AES to prosper. When people work as a team, the average output of the organization is improved since team members are ready to help each other hence eliminating inefficiency. Decentralized strategy of decision making highly advocates for employees to work as a team hence increasing productivity (Ariunaa 2010). Different individuals have knowledge in different issues therefore, incorporating them in the decision making process ensures that high value decisions are made. On the same note, decentralized decision making strategy allows employees of various departments to use the experience they might have regarding their department or apply the knowledge they have to run and upgrade these sections. This ensures that the latest knowledge is used to run any given department thus, uphosslding e fficiency in production.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conjunction with that, employees are able to change the way they carry out some duties without necessarily waiting for approval from the top management, which sometimes takes long thus, increasing their efficiency. It should be noted that it is easier for a person to discover his or her area of weakness and change it rather than waiting for the authorities to correct the same (Griffin 2010). Additionally, decentralized strategy makes use of division and specialization of labor which ensures that each employee performs to his or her best thus, taking advantage of wide expertise of the employees. Furthermore, sluggishness of business operations is avoided in decentralized strategy as opposed to centralized strategy where decision making process may take a long duration because the top management has to meet and make decisions. As far as decentralized strategy is concerned, a problem once discovered can easily be managed and normal operations resume without delay because the people who are supposed to make decisions are easily accessed (Griffin 2010). If a mistake occurs in decision making process, the whole system is not broken down if the organization uses decentralized strategy since only one department gets affected, while in centralized strategy the whole process can easily be brought to a halt by a single mistake. On the other hand, decentralized strategy has its setbacks that can sometimes hinder operations if not taken care of. To begin with, given the diverse views that people may have, it sometimes becomes difficult to make these people agree on one idea regarding certain issues and this may annoy those whose ideas do not carry the day therefore reducing their morale at work (Ariunaa 2010). On the same note, it is very easy for the organization to lose focus on the core values if employees are given too much freedom to do what they think is right, because the tendency of getting out of line is high. Therefore, it is advantageous if an organization decentralizes some of the decision making process but centralizes the implementation of the core values and the promotion of organizational culture and mission.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Each department needs some level of freedom to solve its own problems as the people there have the first hand information of what affects them. On top of that, employees feel valued if they are involved in the decision making process and they will increase their efficiency which in turn increases the general output of the company (Griffin 2010). References Ariunaa, L. (2010). Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization in Mongolia. Potsdam: Universittsverlag Potsdam. Griffin, W. R. (2010). Management. St anford: Cengage Learning. O’Reilly, A. C., Pfeffer, J. (2000). Hidden Value. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Summary for 'the parable of sower' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary for 'the parable of sower' - Essay Example Question #2: The destruction of the gated community where Lauren and her family live. The meeting of Lauren and Taylor Bankole on their journey north marks her first encounter with love. The transformation of her belief that God is change, into a religion and acquiring new followers in the form of Travis and Zahra. The disappearance of Lauren’s father and the death of her brother Keith. The enlargement of the north bound group. Question #3: Lauren Olamina is the leader of the group offering guidance to the group (Mayer 113), and the story is told from her point of view. Harry Balter being the only man initially provides added security. Zahra Moss proves to Lauren that she can teach people to read and write. Taylor bankole acts a source of wisdom and balances the age gap among members of the group because he is older than the rest of the group members. Question #4Dystopia is the setting of a story or film based on the future dysfunction of affairs in a community and members group together for protection against the chaos from outside. Characters group into a group of trusting individuals and shun others they do not trust. Question #7: The empathy disease is a condition of actually experiencing emotional and physical pain or pleasure of other people. Lauren, Grayson Mora, Emery Tanaka Solis, Tori and Doe are ‘sharers’. ‘Sharing’ in society is aimed at portraying the need to understand other peoples’ feelings and the good it could accomplish in attaining a better relationship among individuals. Question #20: The book is an enjoyable read because the issues it address are already present making it easier to identify with the characters’ situation. The book is a good recommendation to those who enjoy fiction based on near true circumstances or

Modren and tradition family Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modren and tradition family - Research Paper Example Since I had a question in mind I was somehow sunken in thought was not very keen to notice the old man approach me. He greeted me casually. Without hesitating, he went ahead to answer my question even before I presented it to him, he seemed to have read my mind. He said, â€Å"I missed something when I was a child. I missed the childhood games. My son, during our times we played with small glass bells in the street, hiding, and swimming in the pool†, He paused, I wanted to intervene but he proceeded, â€Å"Our grandfathers dug wells by their bare hands using crude tools, and it was pure water and stemmed from under the ground. We were excited when we played in front of our mothers. Our mothers cleaned our clothes and utensils using it. We also played with neighbors’ children after we had finished studying holy Quran. There were no schools in those days. The days were awesome, those days are gone my son†. When he had finished his speech, he took a deep breath. Act ually, I liked his speech, and I admired the days. The conversation looked more like an imagination despite being the naked truth. When I reported home that night, I talked with my mother about the old man that I had met in the beach. She told me, â€Å"listen my daughter, everyone lives in their generation. If you went back to those old days, you would loathe them and admire to come back to your days, the old were characterized by difficulties that could only be handled by them that lived at that time†. She went on to mention that there was no electricity, cars, planes, and electronic machines among other things. Just like the old man, she reiterated that formal education was nonexistent. I agreed with her that if it were not for education today life would be very boring. The industries were undeveloped and the jobs done were manual in most occasions, they revolved around farming, fishing, hunting and gathering, grazing cattle, and delivering water to houses. She noted sever al benefits that emanated from the traditional way of life. People used to live in communities, the concept of capitalism was nonexistent, and the families had no privacy. The responsibilities were clearly defined; the women cooked food, took care of the children, brought water from the spring, cleaned stuff, and served their husband’s family without any objection. The community defined individual rights, most women and men had no rights in those days because the man’s father was the ultimate decision maker even if the man got married. The old man and my mother had similar points of view as well as differences; I realized that they had different opinions between traditional and modern family setups. This arouses a desire in me to focus about traditional and modern family systems in my country. Although some people believe that the traditional family is the best than modern family structure, both traditional and modern family has positive and negative implications in te rms of their lifestyle, education and the rules governing them. The traditional and modern family setups are different in the way individuals used to reside and the way it is done today. Traditionally an extended family lived in one big house. It consisted of the grandfather, parents, uncles, aunts, and their children. Both the male and female children occupied the same bedroom, likewise the parents would share bedrooms and