The Transition Of Vampires By Cole Bowman - 1462 Words

The Transition of Vampires from 1897 to 2006 Anai Rios Alcala English IV Mrs. Proctor May 8, 2017 What are vampires? Well there are many myths out in the whole world of vampires. Vampires are creatures that are dead yet still walk among the living; all vampires have fangs, they are afraid of the sunlight, they can shape-shift and they drink the blood of their victims. People say vampires are human corpses that return from the grave to harm living and others say they are not humans at all that vampires are supernatural, demonic creatures and not human form. What is evil? Evil is what is morally wrong, sinful, or wicked. Vampires can be categorized as evil as said in the article â€Å"What’s Evil, Anyway?† by Cole Bowman. Vampires†¦show more content†¦In this novel Dracula’s interaction with other humans is not great because he never goes out of his castle unless he has an evil plan against someone. Dracula has been described in many ways as a young man or even as an old grumpy man. In this book, Bram Stoker described Dracula by stating, â €Å"Within, stood all man, clean shaven save for a long white moustache, and clad in black from head to foot, without a single speck of colour about him anywhere†. He described a man who looked neat and clean but with no color as in he looked pale. As we get to know more of Dracula’s appearance in this novel he seems more unique and not so much like a human. (Stoker 160). The writer also stated, â€Å"His face was a strong-a very strong-aquiline, with high bridge of the thin nose and peculiarly arched nostrils.... cruel-looking, with peculiarly sharp white teeth†. (Stoker 18). Back in the old centuries people really did not know how vampires looked but now in modern days as we hear the word vampires we imagine a man dressed in black with pale skin and sharp teeth. Count Dracula was seen an evil creature who bit people and took their soul. What is the description of a perfect man? A perfect man is someone who cares about his love one and protects his more precio us person in the world. In the book â€Å"Twilight† Edward Cullen can be described as a perfect man by Bella. When Bella and Edward met, she did not know who he really was. They both had a connection towards each

Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart - 1169 Words

Chinua Achebe’s first novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† takes place in Umuofia, Nigeria in the 19th century. Okonkwo, the protagonist, was a respected, strong leader of the Ibo clan providing for his three wives and their children. His father was a failure, making Okonkwo’s greatest fear being seen as a weak failure, but this also makes Okonkwo strive for success. â€Å"His whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and of weaknessâ€Å" (2. 12). With his drive to succeed, Okonkwo managed to make many poor decisions resulting in unwanted consequences. Okonkwo is an exact representation of a western tragic hero in the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart.† To start off, Okonkwo is one of the most powerful men in the Ibo tribe. While honored he is also feared. This is evident through the quote from the novel, Okonkwo was well known throughout the nine villages and even beyond... [He] brought honor to his tribe by throwing Amalinze the Cat...(3) In Okonkwo s society, power and fame is reached by winning competitions by fighting and wrestling. Okonkwo s prosperity was visible in his household... his own hut stood behind the only gate in the red walls. Each of his three wives had her own hut... long stacks of yams stood out prosperously in [the barn]... [Okonkwo] offers prayers on the behalf of himself, his three wives, and eight children. (14) In a very devoted fashion, Okonkwo worked hard and tended to his crops while driving everyone around him to work as hard as he did, especially hisShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, t he novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and traditions of his people. Chinua Achebe presents Okonkwo as a particular kind of tragic protagonist, a great man who carries the fate of his people. Okonkwo is a man who is inflexible andRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chinua Achebe is a famous Nigerian novelist in worldwide. Things fall apart is Chinua Achebe’s first novel published in 1958, the year after Ghana became the first African nation to gain independence. And this novel is one of the first African novels to gain worldwide recognition. (Phil Mongredien, 2010) This novel presents people a story of an African Igbo tribal hero, Okonkwo, from his growth to death. The fate of Okonkwo also indicates the fate of Africa caused by the colonizationRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart883 Words   |  4 Pagesdehumanize the native population and convince themselves that they are helping. Chinua Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart attempts to correct these misguided views of African societies by portraying a more complex culture that values peace, and the art of conversation. Achebe also tries to portray the idea that not all European people they come in contact with are aggressive, and misconstrued in their view of the African societ ies. Achebe tries to show us the value of his society through repeated views into conversationsRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1410 Words   |  6 PagesTeddy Manfre Ms. Blass ENG 209-001 April 24, 2017 Things Fall Apart In 1958, Chinua Achebe a famous Nigerian author publishes one of his most famous novels Things Fall Apart. The novel takes place in a Nigerian village called Umuofia. During the time that this novel is published Nigeria is being criticized by the Europeans for being uncivilized. In response, Achebe uses his brilliance in this novel to express the valued history of his people to his audience. His focus in the novel is on the pre-colonizedRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1015 Words   |  5 PagesIn his novel Things Fall Apart, author Chinua Achebe utilizes his distinctive writing style in order to accurately capture the culture and customs of the Igbo people despite writing his story in a foreign language. Five aspects of Achebe’s style that make his writing unique is the straightforward diction present in dialogue, the inclusion of native parables convey Igbo life authentically, the inclusion of native Igbo words and phrases, detailed descriptions of nature and the usage of figurative languageRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1702 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Things Fall Apart Biographical information about the author: Chinua Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. He had an early career as a radio host, and later became the Senior Research Fellow at the University of Nigeria. After moving to America, he became an English professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Achebe has won numerous awards for his poetry and fiction, including the Man Booker prize and Commonwealth Poetry Price. He currently teaches at Bard College. Author: Chinua AchebeRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesCulture is an Important Element of Society Chinua Achebe is the author of when Things Fall Apart while Joseph Conrad authored Heart of Darkness. Conrad and Achebe set their individual titles in Africa; Achebe is an African writer whereas Conrad is Polish-British. The authors draw strength from their backgrounds to validity the authenticity of their fictional novels. Conrad writes from his experiences in the British and French navies while Achebe uses his African heritage. The theme of culture isRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1248 Words   |  5 PagesChris Lowndes Ms. Cook A.P.L.C. 21 October 2015 We Are Family: Hardships in One s Family in Things Fall Apart Specific attributes correlate with each other to help create or not create the ideal strong family. However, through those attributes arise conflicts and major disputes. This issue of trying to achieve and create a strong family is of immense importance in one’s life, especially in Chinua Achebe’s, Things Fall Apart, a milestone in African literature. For instance, the father leaves his legacyRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagescertain degree of the priest class, libation, holidays, creation stories, divine systems of punishments and rewards. In the novel, Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a story of tragic fall of a protagonist and the Igbo culture. Achebe demonstrates different examples and situations of where an African culture, in the instances of tribal religions, did certain things because of their tradition is and the way they developed into. African cultures pondered life mysteries and articulated theirRead Mo reChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1314 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe masterpiece â€Å"Things Fall Apart† (1959) is the classic story of Okonkwo, a young man who strives to be revered by his village and family but because of his own internal character flaws meets his own demise. In the Igbo culture, family traditions are an important narrative throughout the novel. Okonkwo, the protagonist character of this story, begins with many attributes of what would be concluded as a hero with his cultural society. He is hard working, a material provider, feared and

What Is Literature Free Essays

What is Literature? Literature is the voice of the times. Literature is something to look back and stay as the voice of the generation. What is literature? That is a question you can ask a thousand times and get back a thousand different answers and opinions in which all could be seen as correct. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Literature? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Literature can only be defined by the people with above average intellect, who grasp the writing concept, and understand literature work. What is literature? Literature is defined, has a history, be written with high intellect, and will forever impact the human race and the people that live through it. Literature is defined as, â€Å"written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit† (Oxford Dictionary). Literature is the historical writings of past civilizations as well as the present that will stay as the voice and life of the people that lived through the time; however, it is the works of extreme literary intellect that stands as the obvious examples of literature works. It’s the views, opinions, and interest of a group of people that is spread in folk tales, poetry, songs, pamphlets, biographies, novels, essays, and articles spreading the overall message to everyone that comes in contact with it. The impact of a piece of literature work can change the course of history. The Bible may very well be the most influential piece of literature that has ever been produced. Its impact has changed the lives of billions of people over the course of history. Some say the Bible is not literature, for it’s the voice of God. The Bible is an influential writing piece that stands as the voice of the people with extreme intellectual properties that shares the views and opinions of the people that is passed down from generation to generation. The Bible is the most important historical piece of literature ever written. In order to consider a written piece literature, the work must show that it has a specific view, interest or opinion that expresses a voice or story that can impact the minds of those who read it and receive an immediate reaction. The pieces stand the test of time and show a historical influence to those who read it. Examples such as Hamlet, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, Hymn to Beauty, and the Bible all have stood the test of time and shared ntellectual views while impacting the people who come in contact with it. The most important test to see wither a piece of literature work is truly one of great importance is the test of historical influence. Did the piece influence people of its time? Is the piece still receiving reactions from those who read it? English literature will always have a place in our generations and looked back on how we lived our lives. The question to how this generation will be pe rceived in the future is unknown. Will social media take place of great novels and beautiful poetry? Will today’s slang be the new edition of the English language tomorrow? This is already seen by the judgment of the Oxford Dictionary adding the words, sexting to describe sexual text messages, LOL and OMG, and the symbol 3 to its next edition dictionary (Gibson). The biggest concern is the direction that this world is going to. It’s how we look upon and value the public images of the people we look up to. Emily Dickinson is replaced by Kim Kardashian and Mark Twain is replaced by Justin Beiber (Hubbard). The works created by Kim and Justin will not influence the people of the next generations and the value of a good literary piece may be compromised. It is a great shame where in order to read good literature pieces for our English classes, we look to works written hundreds of years ago and not the work created in the world we live in. No historical influence, no great literature pieces. Finally, for a piece of written work to be thought of as literature, the work must be written with high intellect. This is the challenge facing the written works written today. Today, it is challenged to write your thoughts and opinions in short burst of words and characters that usually need to be in 140 characters or less. Why write out the entire â€Å"without† when you can just type â€Å"w/o† and mean the same thing (Brotman). The great works of literature have always been written with the highest levels of vocabulary and writing styles. It’s the hidden messages and underlined themes that make a piece of literature so great! It’s like a puzzle waiting to be solved! What is he trying to say? What does she mean in that line? The best part, is the way an author says one sentence can be interpreted in so many different and unique ways, for it takes great skill and studying a piece of literature that captivates the reader into deep analysis with emotional attachments. The difference between a good writer of literature and a great writer of literature is the lasting impact they leave on the reader. The ability to make the reader think about the piece way after they put it down, for it’s the lasting impact the writer gives the reader that can change the way the reader views a subject for the rest of the reader’s life. In conclusion, literature is defined, has a history, is written with high intellect, and will forever impact the human race and the people that lived through it. The opinion of one writer on the exact definition of literature will never be the same as the next. Different characteristics and attributes given into every piece will decide its fate on wither or not it’s good enough to be unanimously chosen as good literature. The piece needs to share a story or view an opinion of the writer, show great influence, make its mark on history of the generation, and be written with high nough intellect to show it’s true value and importance on the reader. How can something so well-known and something that is constantly written about have so many debates and opinions on what it really means? It is the great minds who constantly analyze and study literacy pieces so much; they connect with it in a different way. For it’s the way you connect to literature that makes it so spec ial. It’s the way you attach to your favorite pieces that will forever create your own personal reaction to such a simple question. What is literature? How to cite What Is Literature?, Papers

Rhetorical Modes free essay sample

Rhetorical modes are methods for effectively communicating through language and writing. Complete the following chart to identify the purpose and structure of the various rhetorical modes used in academic writing. Provide at least two tips for writing each type of rhetorical device. NOTE: You may not copy and paste anything directly from the textbook or a web site. All information included in this assignment must be written in your own words. Rhetorical Mode Purpose – Explain when or why each rhetorical mode is used. Structure – Identify the organizational method that works best with each rhetorical mode. Tips – Provide two tips for writing in each rhetorical mode. Narration To tell a story about an actual event or a made up event. Having a plot that describes the main event that helps move the story forward. You need to describe whether the story is going to be fact or fiction. If it is a fact then it needs to have all of the information correct. If it is fiction the writer needs to use the imagination to the fullest. Try t use the five senses when describing the story, touch, taste, smell, sound, and sight. Illustration To show or demonstrate the point is clear by using evidence as backup. By organizing the evidence when building the thesis to keep the audience intrigued with the story. Try not to over explain the concepts of the story, the audience may already understand these concepts. Instead try to make the points more clear. Also try to use more than one illustration. To make the audience more engaged use a variety of words and phrases. Description Using description in writing an essay can ensure that the audience is engaged in the words that are written. When writing a descriptive essay it needs to be very detailed on the people, or places, and even objects that re in the story. On a descriptive essay using the sensory details is a great method for keeping the audience interested in the story. Keeping the essay organized will help with the arrangement of the ideas or appearance for the characters or objects, or even places in the essay. Classification To be more specific about subjects that can be too broad or unmanageable. By taking a subject and breaking it down to smaller detailed subjects then bring these back together to give the audience a bigger picture of the main subject and they will understand better. Try to pick topics that I already know about can help me be more descriptive when breaking them down into smaller parts. Try to break down each topic at least three different ways to help me choose the best of them and I may find out something I didn’t know. Process analysis By making step-by-step directions on explaining how something works or how to do something is the purpose of process analysis. The analysis process is a way to describe what the topic is about and what the rewards are for following step-by-step process. Having someone read the process analysis is a helpful way to make sure it makes sense to the reader. If I come across a difficult step and need to explain it more clearly put it in its own paragraph. Definition By defining the meaning of a topic is a way to use a definition essay. Not just by looking it up in the dictionary but by using personal experiences. Keeping the essay from being misunderstood, I should use the context to identify the settings in which something occurs or exists and includes e circumstances. Rather than defining objects try using concepts that can be more contentious and making the essay more effective. Try to write about incidents that are personally important that I can define better. Compare and contrast When a compare and contrast essay is written. It illustrates the subtle differences or unexpected similarities but not stating the obvious topics. Start with a thesis about two subjects that are clearly stated to be compared contrasted a reason do so. By knowing the critical points and differences of a topic will help make an accurate evaluation. To organize an essay use a point-by-point strategy. Cause and effect The purpose of cause and effect is to know why and how an event or condition occurs. When writing a cause and effect essay start with one or the other o state conditions of the event. Then the determination how the phenomena are linked. It is necessary to determine if one cause or effect is more important than the other, this is how a thesis is developed. Be sure to support the claims with clear evidence. Persuasion To help the audience be convinced, motivated, or moved toward a certain opinion or point of view. There are five features that help make up the structure of a persuasive essay. Introduction and thesis, opposing ideas, strong evidence, style and tone, and conclusion. Don’t argue the point but try to get the readers to consider the point of view or opinion is valuable not jut the right one. Try not to base a thesis on a negative claim. Write a 100- to 150-word paragraph explanation that demonstrates why compares and contrast is the appropriate rhetorical mode for the topic you chose in Week Two. Compare and contrast is good to use in an essay when there are two topics that are related to people or things that the similarities, or differences need to be pointed out in a descriptive paragraph. By doing this the reader is going to get descriptive information on each topic and have a better understanding of them. The readers will also find what is most important about each topic and the connection between them. Knowing the differences will help the readers decide which topic is the better choice for them. This will also give me the knowledge to share with others as well.

Apple Marketing Plan

Executive summary This report illustrates the marketing plan that Apple Incorporation will adopt in introducing and marketing a new product, viz. the iPhone 5s. The marketing plan outlines the iPhone’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. In the course of introducing the new product, Apple Incorporation intends to achieve a number of objectives within the first two years.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Apple Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The objectives mainly relate to the market share and sales volume as illustrated by the first and the second year objectives. The issues that are likely to be encountered in the process of marketing the iPhone 5s are clearly illustrated. Considering that iPhone 5s is a new product, the firm will adopt a comprehensive marketing strategy, which entails the adoption of product positioning and marketing mix in introducing the new produ ct in the market. Moreover, the report also illustrates the marketing research, the budgets, and control and implementation strategies that will be adopted to ensure that the product is successfully introduced in the market. iPhone 5s SWOT Analysis From the competitive review, it is evident that the smartphone market is becoming very competitive. The industry’s competitiveness arises from the high rate at which firms in the industry are investing in research and development in an effort to come up with new mobile device technologies. In a bid to succeed in the competitive business environment, it is essential for a firm’s management team to develop a comprehensive understanding of the internal and external business environments (Anandan, 2009). Similarly, an organization should understand a product’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats prior to introducing the product in the market to aid in determining whether the product has an opportunity of ach ieving future market success upon its introduction (Armstrong Kotler, 2012). Changes arising from the internal and external business environments have a significant impact on products’ competitiveness (Stevens et al., 2006).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The SWOT model can assist organizations in analyzing the internal and external business environments and their impact on the product, hence implementing the necessary adjustments (Armstrong Kotler, 2012). Below is an analysis of the iPhone 5s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths Superior quality Apple Incorporation will design and develop the iPhone 5s peculiarly in order to attract the targeted customers by integrating the concepts of innovation and creativity. The firm will ensure that the process of designing and manufacturing the iPhone 5s follows the set quality standards. Moreover, the production team will ensure that unique features and product characteristics are integrated, which will contribute towards development of a unique customer experience. Some of the features that will be taken into account in the process of manufacturing the iPhone 5s include features such as smarter multitasking, AirDrop, and control center. These features will provide customers with an opportunity to do diverse things in an easier, faster, and a more enjoyable manner. Effective marketing   The firm will ensure that customers understand the benefits that they can derive by purchasing the iPhone 5s. Thus, marketing professionals will be integrated in the process of introducing and marketing the iPhone 5s, which will play a fundamental role in creating sufficient and effective marketing awareness hence influencing the consumers’ to purchase the iPhone 5s. Brand identity, brand promise and product value The iPhone 5s will contribute towards development of the firm’s brand identity. The iPhone 5s will enable the customers achieve the brand promise. The brand promise will be enhanced by the iPhone 5s quality, functioning, and design. iPhone 5s will remarkably improve the consumers’ social class and status. Weaknesses High price Apple Incorporation has set the price of the iPhone 5s at a relatively high price point compared to other smartphones offered by Blackberry, Android and Windows. Most critics argue that the firm is not justified to set the price of the iPhone 5s at 759.99.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Apple Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In their consumption process, most consumers prefer to purchase competing products, which are of high quality but whose price is relatively low. The premium pricing strategy adopted by the firm in introducing the iPhone 5s limits the likelihood of the product penetrating a large marke t. Substitute products   iPhone 5s will face intense completion from other firms such as Nokia and Blackberry with are investing in development and production of smartphones, tablets, and personal computers. This competition will hinder the probability of the firm achieving the desired market share with regard to smartphone products. Lack of market awareness Currently, the level of market awareness with regard to the iPhone 5s is limited. Only a small proportion of the market is aware of the new iPhone 5s. The firm intends to increase the level of market awareness with regard to the iPhone 5s by conducting a comprehensive marketing campaign. Opportunities Market growth potential The firm is likely to attain a high growth rate emanating from the rate at which consumers are integrating smartphones in their consumption patterns. One of the factors motivating the growth of the iPhone market relates to the view that smartphones are providing consumers with an opportunity to conne ct with friends and relative through various internet-based technologies such as social media. Moreover, smartphones such as the iPhone 5s are enabling consumers to undertake online shopping. The prevailing market demand presents a unique opportunity the firm to expand its market share. Another factor that will stimulate the growth of the iPhone 5s relates to the fact that the population for millennials, which are the firm’s core target customers will increase in the future. Therefore, the likelihood of the firm increasing its customer base and hence its sales revenues is high. Continuous product improvement In its pursuit for competitive advantage, the firm should consider undertaking continuous improvement on the iPhone 5s. Moreover, the firm should also consider marketing the iPhone 5s to a new market niche.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, the firm should improve the iPhone 5s in such a manner that it will tap into new market segments. Some of the markets that the firm should target include business individuals. The iPhone should enable entrepreneurs to undertake different tasks. Improving the iPhone 5s compatibility Apple Incorporation can increase its customer base by integrating Intel chip that will enable the iPhone 5s to be compatible with Windows OS. Moreover, the firm should strive to develop new and innovative software for the iPhone 5s, which will be compatible with other software. Threats Technological change Innovations with regard to mobile technology present a major threat to firms in the ICT industry. Occurrence of major technological change may have adverse effects on the iPhone 5s competitiveness. For example, technological change will put intense pressure on Apple Inc. to develop and introduce new iPhone into the market in order to avoid the risk of obsolescence. Failure to keep up wi th the rate of technological change means that the firm will fail with regard to gaining adequate market share. Intense competition and substitute products In the process of marketing the iPhone 5s, Apple Incorporation will face intense competition from various online music stores, for example Amazon. Apple also experiences competition from ICT giants such as Toshiba, HP, Nokia, Hewlett Packard, Dell, Microsoft, and HTC. These companies have the capacity to introduce smartphones that can sufficiently rival the iPhone 5s. iPhone 5s is facing a major threat emanating from existence of substitute products for example the Samsung tablet. The Samsung tablet has multiple features; for example, one can call and access other tablet services. Global recession Occurrence of a global recession may adversely affect the iPhone 5s sales volume. The recession may lead to a change in the consumers’ purchasing behavior. For example, during recession most consumers consider purchasing nece ssities to be a priority compared to luxuries. During such times, products such as smartphones are considered luxury (Estelami, 2010). Objectives and issues Apple Incorporation has formulated a set of objectives in marketing the iPhone 5s. The objectives relate to the first and the second year upon introducing the iPhone 5s. First-year objectives Within the first year of introducing the iPhone 5s, the firm intends to increase its iPhone market share with a margin of 10%. In a bid to achieve this goal, the firm intends to achieve a sales volume of approximately $759.9 million, which will enable the firm to achieve the predetermined breakeven point by setting the price of the iPhone 5s at $ 759.99. Consequently, the firm targets to sell 1 million iPhone 5s within the first year. Moreover, the firm intends to have attained a market share of 25% in the domestic iPhone market. Second-year objectives During the 2nd year, Apple Incorporation projects that the introduction of the iPhone 5s will have improved the firm’s global market share with regard to smartphones with a margin of 10%. This move will increase the firm’s market share for smartphones to 58.1%. Similarly, the firm’s marketing manager projects that the firm’s sales revenue will have increased with a margin of 35% hence enhancing its market dominance. Issues In the process of launching the iPhone 5s, Apples’ marketing manager is cognizant of the likely competition from Android, which is currently the strongest competitor to Apple’s smartphones. Apple is likely to produce a smartphone that will rival the iPhone 5s. in a bid to deal with this issue, Apple will ensure that the iPhone 5s has unique characteristics. Moreover, the firm will ensure that the product features cannot be imitated easily. iPhone 5s will have a 64-bit architecture, which is the first smartphone to have such a feature. Apple will ensure that the iPhone 5s operating system is specifically built for a 64-bit smartphone and is compatible with other operating systems. This aspect will provide customers with an opportunity to connect the iPhone 5s to other devices such as personal computers that operate on diverse operating software. This feature will improve the likelihood of the iPhone 5s penetrating a wide market and to cope with the competition, the firm will undertake continuous improvement on the iPhone 5s in order to take into account the prevailing market changes, which will ensure that the iPhone is in line with the market trends. Marketing strategy The iPhone 5s marketing strategy will entail improving Apple’s smartphone products by introducing a product that is unique in the market hence appealing the customers’ preferences with regard to smartphones. The core target market for the iPhone 5s includes the millennials. Decision to target this market segment arose from recognition of their consumption behavior. Millennials are characterized by unique atti tudes and product preferences with regard to technology (Fifield, 2008). A study conducted by Boston Consulting Group shows that millennial consumers have a high affinity for technology (Ferrell et al., 2011). Thus, they are technologically perceptive. Other characteristics that distinguish millennials from other customer groups include their need to connect and socialize through online and offline platforms. Moreover, their demand for fast, efficient and convenient products cannot be matched with other consumer groups. Their population is expected to increase around the world. Apple projects that introducing the iPhone 5s will enable the firm exploit the market opportunity from this consumer group. Positioning statement In a bid to market the iPhone 5s successfully amongst the millennials, Apple will ensure that the iPhone 5s is positioned as a unique mobile technology device. Consequently, the iPhone 5s will be positioned using the slogan ‘Think Different’, which will aid in shaping the consumers’ perception regarding the new smartphone. Marketing mix strategies Product strategy iPhone 5s will be effectively designed and developed by integrating all the features outlined in the product review section. In the course of designing and manufacturing the iPhone 5s, Apple will be guided by three main values, which include craziness, difference, and change. Consequently, the firm has ensured that iPhone 5s is of high quality and adds value to the customers’ life. The iPhone 5s characteristics, which include smarter multitasking, control centre and airdrop, will lead to the development of a unique experience amongst the millennials. Thus, customers will be in a position to perform tasks more effectively, efficiently and in an enjoyable manner. In addition to quality, effectiveness and efficiency, Apple will also integrate the elements of style and security in marketing the iPhone 5s. The iPhone 5s will be designed in such a way that it dep icts style and cannot be easily hacked. Thus, the consumers’ social status and privacy will be guaranteed hence leading to the development of a feeling of ‘being different’ amongst the target consumers. Moreover, Apple Inc. will ensure that iPhone 5s is compatible with different applications hence increasing its utilization by diverse customer groups such as students and business professionals. These qualities will play a fundamental role in influencing the consumers’ perception regarding the new smartphone. Pricing strategy Effective pricing is fundamental in organizations marketing practices. In most cases, consumers review product prices before making a purchase decision (Kumar, 2007). The price set enables an organization to communicate the value of the product being offered. In the course of introducing iPhone 5s, Apple Incorporation will adopt different strategies. One the strategies that the firm will consider includes the value based pricing. The f irm will set the price of the iPhone 5s based on the value that it creates to the consumers’ life. The decision to integrate value-based pricing in introducing iPhone 5s arises from the view that the new product is more powerful compared to other iPhones in the market. Apple will also integrate competition-based pricing strategy. Considering the intense competition in the smartphone industry, Apple will take care not to position the iPhone 5s as a lower-cost alternative. Thus, the firm will base the price of the iPhone 5s by considering the price set by its competitors. From the competitors review, Apple will set the price of the iPhone 5s at $ 759.99. Therefore, the firm will set the price of the iPhone at a premium. The premium pricing strategy will enable Apple to establish the iPhone 5s as a high-end product. Consequently, consumers will be able to associate the iPhone 5s with value. Marketing communication Apple appreciates the contribution of effective marketing communi cation in achieving competitiveness. The industry is very competitive because of the high rate at which competing firms such as Samsung, Android, Blackberry, and Microsoft are investing in new product development. The firms are concentrating on the mobile device technologies. Despite the high degree of industry rivalry, Apple Incorporation projects that the iPhone 5s will successfully penetrate the market. However, the firm’s competitiveness will depend on the effectiveness with which the firm creates sufficient market awareness regarding the new product. In the process of introducing the iPhone 5s in the market, Apple will adopt the concept of Integrated Marketing Communication. Diverse methods of marketing communication, which include public relations, personal selling, and advertising will be used. Advertising; with regard to advertising, the firm will adopt both traditional and emerging marketing communication mediums. Some of the traditional advertising mediums to be use d include television, print media such as magazines and newspapers and outdoor advertising using billboards. In addition to the above mainstream mediums, the firm will also integrate outdoor advertising. Apple will enter a contract with reputable outdoor advertising companies whose billboards are effectively and strategically located. A catchy slogan ‘think different’ will be used in the advertising banners in an effort to influence the consumers’ decision-making process. The firm’s marketing manager is of the opinion that using billboards will sufficiently create awareness to a large number of customers in the local market. Online and mobile marketing; in its pursuit to create sufficient market awareness with regard to the iPhone 5s, the firm will integrate emerging social networks. The firm will post information regarding iPhone 5s on different social media platforms to create an opportunity for customers to experience the product benefits virtually. Exa mples of internet-based networks that the firm will adopt include Blogs, Wikis, Flickr, Twitter, Facebook, Tout and You Tube. Posting the iPhone 5s description on social media will make sure that a large number of customers are aware of the product information. Moreover, the online community, which has arisen from increased utilization of social media in socialization, will enhance the rate at which the target customers share the iPhone 5s product features and qualities. Thus, social media will lead to the development of a viral effect. The firm’s marketing manager is also of the opinion that utilizing mobile devices and online marketing platforms will enable the firm develop a strong relationship with the customers (Pride Ferrell, 2006). This move will contribute towards development of a strong level of customer loyalty. According to Shin (2013), developing a strong customer relationship is critical in nurturing a high level of customer loyalty Apple Incorporation will also create product awareness by posting the iPhones 5s description on its official website. The firm will ensure that its official website page is effectively designed in order to provide customers with an opportunity to navigate easily through the site. Public relations; in the process of launching the iPhone 5s, the firm will contract renowned celebrities to endorse the iPhone 5s. Some of the celebrities that the firm will contract include Zooey Deschanel and Samuel L. Jackson. The firm’s marketing manager is of the opinion that celebrity endorsement will remarkably improve the iPhone 5s market penetration. Decision to integrate celebrity endorsement arises from the view that consumers especially millennials are significantly influenced by the consumption behavior of renowned celebrities. Thus, the likelihood of the target consumers purchasing the iPhone 5s is high. Sales promotion; in an effort to attract a large number of customers, Apple Incorporation will conduct a sales p romotion campaign. The campaign will involve conducting a competition through various mediums. The participants will have an opportunity to win an iPhone 5s. Apple projects that the sales promotion will enable the firm to develop a strong relationship with potential customers. Moreover, the sales promotion will enable the firm to attract new customer groups, as the customers will have firsthand experience on the quality and features of the iPhone 5s. Distribution strategy Based on the information provided in the channels and logistic review section, iPhone 5s will be distributed based on a selective distribution strategy. This strategy was adopted because of the high quality of the iPhone 5s. Moreover, the firm intended to have control over the iPhone 5s distribution channels. In an effort to ensure that iPhone 5s is easily accessible in the market, Apple will utilize both direct and indirect channels of distribution. With regard to indirect distribution, the firm will enter a contr act with renowned and well-established global retail firms, which include Target, Wal-Mart, and Bestbuy. The firm will also distribute the iPhone 5s through its retail stores located different parts of the world. Moreover, the firm will also distribute the iPhone 5s through major shopping malls such as Carrier store, ATT, T-Mobile, Sprint and Verizon. The firm will also distribute the iPhone 5s through its website, apple.com and other well-established online platforms, which include eBay.com, iTunes, and Amazon.com. Marketing research In a bid to ensure that the iPhone 5s is sufficiently competitive, Apple Incorporation will conduct a comprehensive marketing research. The marketing research will focus on two main variables, which include the consumer and the competitor. Primary market research will be used in an effort to gather first hand information on the prevailing market conditions with regard to consumption of smartphones (Saunders et al., 2009). Consumer market research Apple Incorporation will undertake a primary market research by evaluating the various demographic factors that influence the consumers’ to purchase the iPhone 5s. Some of the variables that the firm will evaluate in include the consumer’s age, occupation, and level of income to aid in understanding the consumers purchasing behavior and product preferences. Other issues that will be evaluated in the marketing research include the consumers’ perception with regard to various iPhone brands and the level of satisfaction amongst customers by consuming the iPhone 5s. The firm intends to conduct the market research continuously in order to undertake improvement on the iPhone 5s successfully. The consumer marketing research will be undertaken by adopting the concept of crowd sourcing. The firm will implement effective database software that will enable the firm gather information regarding the consumers’ product preferences. Competitor market research Prior to introd ucing the iPhone 5s, Apple will undertake a comprehensive competitor market research. The research will focus on the major competitors who include Android, Blackberry and Windows and the respective competitive strategies adopted. Through the competitor market research, the firm will identify the possible gaps, strengths and weaknesses of the rival smartphone products offered by the competing firms. Thus, the firm will gain insight on how it can improve the iPhone 5s. Budgets A substantial cost is incurred in the process of marketing a particular product (Saee, 2007). Therefore, firms marketing managers are required to ensure that their firms have the financial capacity to cater for the marketing budget efficiently. In a bid to market the iPhone 5s successfully, Apple has set aside $ 1 million in its marketing budget. The firm expects to utilize this money in conducting marketing research and marketing communication for a period of three years. The chart below illustrates the iPhone 5s marketing budget. Item Year 1 Amount in $ Year 2 Amount in $ Cost of promotion Cost of creating market awareness through advertising in diverse mediums [ Television, print media, social networking tools, and radio] 350, 000 300,000 Sales promotion 100,000 130,000 Consumer market research 30,000 40,000 Competitor market research 20,000 30,000 Total 500,000 500,000 Action program In a bid to market the iPhone 5s successfully, Apple Incorporation will undertake the following activities within a period of six months. November 2013 – Apple Incorporation will conduct a comprehensive competitor and consumer market research. The research will seek to understand the prevailing trend with regard to consumption of smartphones. On the other hand, the consumer market research will be aimed at evaluating the consumers’ perception and opinion on the iPhone 5s. December 2013 – launching the iPhone 5s marketing campaign. This goal will be achieved by cond ucting an event. The event will be hosted in the company’s headquarters. During the event, the firm will ensure that the iPhone 5s features are explained to the potential customers. January 2014: enhancing the iPhone 5s marketing campaign through social media and online platforms. The campaign will be launched on different social media platforms. The campaign will be aimed at entrenching the role of the iPhone 5s in making the consumers’ different. February 2014 – introducing a mobile application that will enhance the firm’s’ capability to undertake direct marketing to customers. March 2014 – entering an advertisement contract with renowned celebrities to endorse the iPhone 5s April 2014 – assessing whether the iPhone 5s sales volume has been achieved Control and implementation The firm’s management team will pay attention to the iPhone 5s marketing strategies in order to identify any deviations. The firm has firm has formulate d effective controlling and implementation strategy. The control and implementation program will enable the firm to be successful in its marketing processes. The firm’s marketing department will be charged with the responsibility of implementing the iPhone 5s marketing plan. The firm will assign the role of implanting the marketing plan to professionals. A high level of integrity will be maintained in the marketing process. Moreover, Apple’s marketing department will ensure that the process of implementing the marketing plan is aligned with the firm’s corporate values and principles. Thus, adequate level of collaboration between the various departments will be ensured. A number of milestones will be taken into account. First, the firm’s marketing department will evaluate the change in the firm’s market share, sales revenue and level of profitability emanating from introducing the iPhone 5s. One of the ways through which the firm will evaluate in de termining its market share is the change in its customer base. By evaluating the trend in the firm’s financial performance, Apple Incorporation will be in a position to determine whether the strategies adopted in marketing the iPhone 5s are effective in enhancing the firm’s competitive advantage. Any deviations from the set objectives will be adjusted accordingly. Upon introducing iPhone 5s, Apple incorporation will undertake a number of promotional events. The chart below illustrates a summary of the promotional activities that the firm will undertake and the associated financial cost. Milestone Date The Projected budget [ $ Department to undertake the event Start End Public relations campaign 20/11/2013 28/11/2013 60,000 Marketing Holding live events to launch and popularize the product 4/12/2013 6/12/2013 200,000 Marketing Totals 260,000 Apple Incorporation is of the opinion that introducing the new iPhone 5s will enhance its competitive advantage. However, the firm’s management team is aware that changes emanating from the external business environment may affect its competitive edge adversely. In a bid to deal with this challenge, the firm will undertake continuous industry analysis. The analysis will provide the firm with insight on the prevailing market trends. Some of the issues that will be evaluated include the level of market awareness with regard to the iPhone 5s, the level of customer satisfaction achieved by consuming the iPhone 5s. Evaluating these aspects will give the firm insight on its effectiveness in influencing the consumers’ purchase behavior with regard to smartphones. Therefore, Apple will be in a position to engage in effective continuous product innovation. Apple Incorporation can effectively develop its competitiveness by ensuring that the iPhone 5s is effectively introduced into the market. In order to achieve this goal, Apple Incorporation will ensure that a continuous evaluation of th e iPhone 5s marketing plan is conducted. This move will aid in identifying possible gaps and deviations from the set objectives (Sandhusen, 2008). In a bid to enhance the success of the iPhone 5s, Apple will ensure that it understands the consumers’ buying process and the factors that influence their decision to purchase smartphones. Reference List Anandan, C. (2009). Product management. New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-Hill. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P. (2012). Marketing; An introduction. New York, NY: Pearson Education. Estelami, H. (2010). Marketing turnarounds: a guide to surviving downturns and  rediscovering growth. Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishers. Ferrell, O., Michael, S., Hartline, M. (2011). Marketing strategy. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Fifield, P. (2008). Marketing strategy master class. Oxford, UK: Butterworth- Heinemann. Kumar, S. (2007). Marketing and branding: the Indian scenario. New Delhi, India:   Dorling Kindersley. Pride, W., Ferrell, O. (2006). Mar keting: concepts and strategies. Boston, MA: Houghton. Saee, J. (2007). Contemporary corporate strategy: global perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Routledge. Sandhusen, R. (2008). Marketing. Hauppauge, NY: Barron’s Educational Series. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business.  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Routledge. Shin, K. (2013). The executor of integrated marketing communications strategy:  Marcom’s manager’s working model. New York, NY: SpringBriefs. Stevens, R., Loudon, D., Wrenn, B. (2006). Marketing planning guide. New York, NY: Prentice Hall. This research paper on Apple Marketing Plan was written and submitted by user Myla Sampson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun

Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun â€Å"Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun† is not only an important poetic piece but a glimpse at history and time of ancient civilizations. It shows how people viewed their life and God, paying their respects and making it a representation of all that exists.  The cult of the Sun was a contrast to the darkness that existed among the Ancients.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was a representation of life on Earth and was thought to be the creator of all living things and a channel of life force. People of Egypt have worshipped the Sun, treating it as a part of heavens. â€Å"Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun† describes a God which is a key figure to the Egyptian people. It tells how the sun rises above the mountains, which enclose a valley, with the first rays hitting the Earth, touching upon the roofs of the city and playing on the white walls of cathedrals. People then become the worshippers and pay their respects to life, the Sun, and the God who has created all life. They give their sacrifices to the God and raise their hands towards the sun. The ruler of Egypt and his family are instrumental to the worship of the God and the Sun, setting an example for all people.  The introduction of the poem is a key part in understanding the type of religion- Atonism. It talks about the beauty of the sun, appearing on the horizon, and the effect that it makes when it shines, bringing beauty to the world below. Because it is the source of light, it is considered the most important part of the world. When the poem states that the rays engulf the earth, which it has created, it shows how people thought about the sun. It makes it clear that Aton was considered to be a world God. It was not a God who was specific to certain people or land, but the creator of all that exists. Aton is represented as a disk of sun, but his true identity is hidden from people (Krist 17). The fact that no one can truly know or understand is that this God makes him even more mysterious and distant. The fact that he is unreachable, however, does not separate the deity from those who worship him, it only shows how ever reaching and powerful the God is. The importance of the Sun can be seen when the poem talks about its absence and the darkness that spreads: everything comes to life when the Sun appears, thus making it an all-powerful entity; when it disappears, the earth is covered by darkness and is compared to death. It becomes so dark that people cannot see each other and sleep, covering their heads, unprotected and vulnerable.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another significant point of the poem is that it makes the Sun and God rather real for the people. It is connected with the dangers of life, the lions , and snakes that might come out and bite people while the creator rests behind the horizon (Hornung 30). Everything that comes to life is only brought about after the sun comes out and shines down on the earth. It can be noted that there is a non-accidental resemblance to the Bible in the poem. It talks about people putting on their clothes and coming out to worship God. They begin their day by working hard, taking care of the land and animals. The lands become green with grass; birds fly out of their nests and spread Gods rule over the earth. It also talks about the ships sailing around the globe, and the path is being chosen by God who has put the fish into the water and sun’s rays on earth. There is no doubt that the harmony of humans and nature is made to stand out and show what is really meant by the poem. The hard work that people have to input is aligned with the happiness and defining features of life. The strength of Aton is made out to be all-reaching, without bord ers and limits.  The poem is also said to be the direction to unify all Gods into one. Aton is shown as the maker of all other Gods and life. It is made out to be a symbol to change all the previous beliefs and create a new system of worship. The first and most important symbol of the sun is the pyramids of all sizes, even ones that were worn as necklaces and other decorations. Another common symbol was a disk with a pyramid top which can be seen all over Egypt. A connection is also made to a phoenix which would come to people and bring them life. It was thought to burn out in the evening and return to the land of the dead where it would show people the path through darkness.  The fact that the poem unites God and the Sun proves how important light was to the ancient people. It is clear that the natural occurrence was connected to the significant part of life, thus making God a natural and observant part of the world. Ancient Egyptians wrote the hymn as a seeming observation of their God. It is also based on the mutual relationship and benefit between the people and all other living creatures. The poem can be seen as a proof of a cult that is direct evidence of people’s fixation on the sun. The poem can be even considered as a sign of a revolution. Akhenaten is a representative of the Egyptian people while all others are made out to be unimportant.  Even though there is a mention of other races and people, as well as the difference in the languages, they are thought of as insignificant. The division between tribes and lands must be united through the only God who is the true ruler of all life.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The references between the life and Gods make obvious the importance of the unity between people and higher power. The symbolism of the poem contrasts the darkness of the world and the light which describe all that is evil and good (Krist 22). There is much debate about the parallels that can be drawn between modern cultures and the hymn, making it a rather controversial poetic piece that can be traced to the ancient people. â€Å"Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun† is a definite proof of how important the sun and belief in the higher power were. The fact that there is an undeniable connection to the Gods and religion makes obvious the existence of forces that cannot be attained by regular people. Hornung, Erik. Akhenaten and the Religion of Light. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001. Print. Krist, Donald. Hymn to the Sun. Lincoln: iUniverse, 2002. Print.

NY Times writer David Pogue and his Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

NY Times writer David Pogue and his Work - Essay Example When writing about Fujifilm X100, he says that â€Å"the top portion and bottom plate have been â€Å"die-cast from magnesium alloy†, and then he explains in brackets that â€Å"it’s silver metal, in other words†. Another explanation in the same text is â€Å"It’s also a f/2.0 lens, meaning that it lets in a lot of light†. Pogue perfectly understands the fact that his readers are not experts in consumer electronics. Therefore, they need gradual explanations in order to be able to grasp the most important information. So, the author makes sure he covers the basics first. Later, he gives additional information. Sometimes he provides the simple explanations for the average reader and then gives some specialized information in brackets. For example, in the text on Samsung’s Central Station, Pogue says that â€Å"as far as Samsung and I know, it’s never been done before† and then adds in brackets: â€Å"Samsung says it’s using a â€Å"proprietary protocol over the ultra-wideband spectrum that is not, and does not interfere with, Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.† We can see another example in the article about the Tryx camera: â€Å"an Advanced menu lets you adjust the exposure, white balance and ISO — light sensitivity — but not manual focus, aperture or shutter speed†. After mentioning the term â€Å"ISO†, the author explains that this means â€Å"light sensitivity†. The author also compares the product he presents to other similar products which are very helpful for the consumer. This is yet another way in which he helps readers learn about new products. In the article on Fujifilm X100, he compares the product to a similar one, saying: â€Å"For most people, the Sony is more compelling; it’s smaller, much less expensive ($700) and takes interchangeable lenses, including a zooming flat one like the X100’s. But the X100’s controls (clear, external, analog, exposed) embrace the opposite approach of the Sony  (on-screen, buried, clumsy).†

Dr. Martin Luther King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dr. Martin Luther King - Essay Example In 1957, a new organization was born. The southern Christian Leadership Conference whose aim was to achieve the civil rights of American and King was elected the chair. In the next 11 years, he led a massive campaign against segregation and racial discrimination. He traveled over six million miles, spoke over 2500 times in public events and wrote essays against racial discrimination. In 1963, Martin Luther King attracted the attention of all America by leading the Birmingham civil rights demonstrations in Alabama (Weider History 1). Consequently, the African American pressed for change. Martin Luther King Jr. through his historic speech stressed the need for Americans to live to the spirit of the Constitution. Additionally, in his dream King wanted the Americans to judge their character and not through their skin color (Bush 1). Consequently, King's dream has been achieved in his fight against social discrimination. Martin Luther King Jr. brought many achievements to the black people in the United States of America. He fought for many years in favor of civil rights in the United States. He and other civil rights activist led the famous bus boycott in Montgomery that led to change or equalization of all American citizens despite their races. If this kind of discrimination continued, then President Barack Obama could not be elected to office in the second term as the president of the United States. Additionally, the boycott prompted the government of the United States to make a legal change.

Roger Miller passion for music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Roger Miller passion for music - Essay Example Roger Miller is a well known musician, guitarist, fiddler, drummer, composer and TV star. He did not live with his parents as a child, because his father died at the age of 26, of spiral meningitis. Roger at that time, was only a year old and since his mother was in her early 20s and was not in a position to provide for her three sons, she sent each son to live with each of her three brothers. Roger was sent off to live with his Uncle Elmer and Aunt Armelia at a farm in Oklahoma. This was the birthplace of his creativity and musical talent. Roger’s creativity was the root of his musical talent, but the development of his creativity was the direct result of the loneliness he experienced while living on his uncle’s farm in Oklahoma. His loneliness led him into a different world, a world of fantasy where dreams became his only source of escape from the drudgery of his daily life (www.rogermiller.com). In fact, while speaking about his early childhood days, said: â€Å"A l ot of people who grew up on a farm will know why I said, O Lord give me a guitar and let me get out of here and make something of the world.†

Role Of Branding In Marketing Fmcg Products Uk Marketing Essay

Role Of Branding In Marketing Fmcg Products Uk Marketing Essay Marketing strategy is the means of concentrating organizations resources so that it can lead to increased sales and supremacy on a targeted market. The organizations marketing goals has to be identified and methods developed to achieve the target within a time frame. Building brand identity and development is one of the fundamental strategies in marketing. The American Marketing Association (AMA) defines a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of other sellers. Building a brand identity in a highly competitive global market is to be done by a combined plan involving research, advertising and marketing. Thus branding is not only prompting the target market to prefer your product over others in the market, but also creating the impression that your product is the best choice for solving the problems of the targeted audience. Good branding strategies involves To succeed in branding it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the requirements of the targeted clients. Incorporating effective brand strategies so as to influence the hearts of customers is essential. Due to the highly competitive market a strong brand name is important. It is necessary to spend time investing in researching, defining, and building brand name. Branding and advertisements of FMCGs are targeted at a wider audience and is subjected to a high level of competition. In order to stay competitive it is of great importance for FMCG manufacturers to effectively build up their brand name so as to ensure that customers are aware of their product. FMCG manufacturers have to be aware of the latest techniques and strategies involved in building brands and in adding value to the brand. Data collection is the most vital stage in the research process and it is proposed to be undertaken using case studies and survey. It is proposed to do an initial market survey and identify the key players in a few of the major segments of the FMCG sector. Survey will be conducted in the form of analysis of market reports and industry reports. A case study of the branding strategies adopted by the key organizations will be studied. Brand awareness strategies being followed will be examined. Customer perception of the role of branding will be examined on the basis of a brand awareness survey among the target market. Accurate sampling procedures are an important prerequisite of research data collection. An appropriate sampling procedure as random sample, stratified sample, or cluster sample will be adopted based on the target population and parameters being considered. Quantitative and qualitative survey will be performed in the form of interviews and questionnaires. Review of literature: The extensive variety of consumable goods provided by the FMCG industry provides a large turnover for the country, at the same time competition among FMCG companies is also escalating. Some of the leading FMCG companies are Sara Lee, Nestlà ©, Unilever, Procter Gamble, Coca-Cola, Carlsberg, Kleenex, General Mills, etc. Sales in the FMCG industry in grocery retail sector in UK are estimated to be  £14.5 billion in 2000 whereas the market for non-food FMCG market in UK is estimated to be  £110 billion and is increasing at a rapid pace. The FMCG sector is reported to account for 19% of the UKs GDP. Marketing strategy consists of well executed plans to make marketing effective. A marketing strategy often integrates an organizations marketing goals, policies, and plans together (Mc Donalds, M, 2007). Marketing theory involves identifying Target Audience, Planning, and Implementation. Marketing research provides management with correct, dependable and up to date information. Marketing research is essential in view of Competitive marketing and the spiralling ever-increasing costs. The strategy for marketing research is elucidated by McDaniel (2006). Management make decisions about target market selection, market segmentation, planning and implementing marketing programs. Further problems may crop up due to controllable and uncontrollable variables. Pricing is a controllable variable while uncontrollable variables include environmental variable, economic conditions, political instability, competition, and social and cultural changes. The twin concepts of Brand identity and positioning play an important role in managing branding (Aaker, 1996). An accurate description of the brands market and the objectives that the brand needs to accomplish is vital for effectiveness of brand building. First step in identity building is benchmarking of brands (Upshaw, 1995). Brand should encompass the company characteristics, image and core strengths. If branding is effective credibility of company is enhanced and helps in building a strong customer base. To attain brand marketing goals an understanding of the target market is necessary. This requires performing a market analysis. By identifying target audience it will be easier to connect with the target customers thus enabling grabbing the attention of the audience. Thus companies have to narrow down their target market. Tracking brand equity over time including awareness and brand loyalty is important (Aaker, 1996). Market awareness and perceptions of brand can change with time . Packaging a brand is a fundamental part of business. Brand packaging has a profound influence on the consumer in a positive or negative way. This is of great significance when a new product is being launched as a positive influence may persuade the consumer to buy the product. The other areas of significance as cited by various authors are Brand equity research (Consumers perception of the brand), Brand association research (customers association with the brand), Brand attribute research (the key traits that describe the brand), Brand naming (what do consumers feel about the names of the products). Data Analysis The data, qualitative data in the form of interviews and quantitative data in the form of questionnaires will be analysed. The graphical representation of data will be done on the basis of Line graphs, Pie charts and bar charts. The data will be processed and analysed and statistically tested for each parameter and thereby infer the patterns in the collected data. Observations and Findings: The brand strategies specific to FMCG sector adopted by companies will be listed out and discussed on the basis of the case studies conducted. The successful patterns will be identified. The results from quantitative and qualitative research in the form of interviews and questionnaires will be evaluated. The customers perception of branding will be discussed in detail.

Comparing Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau :: Compare Contrast Comparison

By acting civil but disobedient you are able to protest things you don't think are fair, non-violently. Henry David Thoreau is one of the most important literary figures of the nineteenth century. Thoreau?s essay 'Civil Disobedience,' which was written as a speech, has been used by many great thinkers such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Ghandi as a map to fight against injustice. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a pastor that headed the Civil Rights movement. He was a gifted speaker and a powerful writer whose philosophy was non-violent but direct action. Dr.King?s strategy was to have sit-ins, boycotts, and marches. Dr. King's 'Letter from Birmingham Jail' was based on the principles of Thoreau's 'Civil Disobedience'. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau are exceptional persuasive writers. Even though both writers are writing on ways to be civil but disobedient, they have opposite ways of convicing you. Dr. King is religious, gentle and apologetic, focusing on whats good for the group; while Thoreau is very aggressive and assertive for his own personal hate against the government. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau have the same ideas, but view them differently. Dr. King wants to ultimately raise awareness and open doors for the better of a group. Thoreau wants more individual rights for people. Dr. King is explaining his view of conscience: I submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  unjust, and willingly accepts the penalty by staying in jail to arouse the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  very highest respect for the law (Martin Luther King, p. 521).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This quote shows Dr. King?s opinion on going to jail. King knows that he was unjustly put into jail. He accepts going to jail even though he was put in jail wrongly. The community then knows of the injustice and should pressure the government. The other thing that happens is King is respecting the law by obeying it. He is a peaceful man and wants justice, but believes in following the rules peacefully to get the job done. Thoreau feels that conscience plays a more personal role. Can there not be a government in which majorities do not virtually decide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  right and wrong, but conscience?... Must the citizen ever for a moment, or   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  in the least degree, resign his conscience to the legislator? Why has every   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  man a conscience, then. I think that we should be men first, and subject   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  afterward (Henry David Thoreau, p.581). Thoreau is questioning why majorities make the rules.

“Blood Brothers” by Willy Russell

â€Å"Blood Brothers†, by Willy Russell, is the story of twin brothers born to a working class deserted mother, Mrs Johnston. One twin is called Mickey and one is called Eddie. Mrs Johnston works as a cleaner in Mrs Lyons' middle class home. Mrs Lyons is barren and longs for a child very much. She suggests keeping one of Mrs Johnston's twins and raising it as her own as Mrs Johnston doesn't have the space or money to support another child. When the children are born they are immediately separated. Despite their mothers' best efforts, Eddie and Mickey meet again when they are seven and become best friends and ironically â€Å"Blood Brothers.† The twins continue to meet coincidently throughout their lives until the differences in their upbringing force their friendship to end. There is, however, a last meeting where all secrets are revealed and both lives end in tragedy. Willy Russell was born and grew up in Liverpool. He left school at 15, with no qualifications. His work reflects his interest in dramatising the lives of ordinary working-class people in an accessible and entertaining way. Characters Mickey comes across as a happy person, but is also very wary, as we see when Eddie gives Mickey the sweets. Mickey is surprised that Eddie gives the sweets after only asking once; he thinks that Eddie may have done something to them. On the other hand, Eddie is a very cheerful child, who does not really have anything to worry about in life, because Mrs Lyons can provide his every want and need. He lives a formal life with Mr and Mrs Lyons, although we do not hear much of Mr Lyons throughout the play. When he meets Mickey he is really taken back by the language that Mickey uses, we see this when Eddie says, â€Å"P***ed off. You say smashing things don't you? P***ed off. Do you know any more words like that?† This also shows that Eddie is very interested in the way Mickey speaks, maybe because Mrs Lyons has kept him very secure in his lifetime and has not let him hear anything like this. On stage I think Eddie may wear posh, top of the range clothes. He would speak in a formal way; he will only speak slang when he is repeating what Mickey has said e.g. â€Å"p***ed off†. Mrs Johnstone, who plays the role of the mother in Blood Brothers, seems very innocent and naive at the start of the play. She is also very gullible and believes anything she is told. Some examples of this are when she is told by her ex boyfriend that she is sexier that Marilyn Monroe, it also says in the play that she is 30 but looks 60. During the play Mrs Lyons also tells the mother that if once the twins are separated and they find out that they are twins that they will die, which Mrs Johnstone also believes. The mother's children also play a big part in her life even though she can only just afford to keep them. She works at Mrs Lyons' house as a cleaner to support her family. She doesn't have any one else bringing in any money to her household as her boyfriend walked out on her. The mother doesn't care that there is only just enough money as she loves every single one of her children; we can see this in the play when she says â€Å"I love the bones off of every one of them†. When she is working for Mrs Lyons, she doesn't care if she is pregnant â€Å"If I have it at the weekend I won't even need to take a day off† this shows that Mrs Johnstone is eager to support her family as much as she possibly can. Mrs Johnstone is a very uneducated person as you can tell when she says â€Å"Ill still be able to do me work†. She would always say â€Å"me† instead of â€Å"my†; however, she talks like this because of her Liverpool accent. Mrs Lyons, who adopts one of Mrs Johnstone's newborn twins, has a lot more power than the mother â€Å"My husband is due back tomorrow I must have my baby now!† The mother doesn't want to give her baby away but Mrs Lyons is a very persuasive person as we see when she says â€Å"If he grew up†¦ as our son†¦ he could have everything†. Once Mrs Lyons has the baby she is very possessive of him â€Å"Edward is my son. Mine Mrs Johnstone†. This shows that Mrs Lyons is determined to get her way all the time. During the play we also see that Mrs Lyons is a very jealous person as we can tell when she says â€Å"You're always bothering over him, fussing over him†. This also shows that she is also selfish as she doesn't want Eddie mixing with Mrs Johnstone and her family. She also shows that she is selfish when she says â€Å"come on, come on you know it's for the best.† The police woman treats Mrs Johnstone as if she is a lower class than herself. We can see this in the way that the police woman talks to Mrs Johnstone in general. The style and tone that the policewoman talks to the mother also shows this. When the policewoman visits Mrs Johnstone she makes the reason why she is there very clear, the effect that this would have on the mother is to scare her a bit and to keep her children under control. We can tell the policewoman is fed up of having to visit Mrs Johnstone about her children time after time, as we see when she says â€Å"If I have any more trouble from one of yours† she also says â€Å"I warned you about your Sammy, didn't I?† Here we can also see the policewoman repeats herself for emphasis and to intimidate the mother. She also repeats herself saying, â€Å"and he was about to commit a serious crime, love, a serious crime†. In this quote the policewoman also talks to Mrs Johnstone as if she knows her when she says â€Å"love†. The policewoman uses this to give herself the power in the relationship. When the policewoman visits Mrs Lyons we can see the difference in the way that she is treated to Mrs Johnstone. The way the policewoman talks to Mrs Lyons shows that she doesn't have as much confidence talking to her, as we can see when she says, â€Å"well err thanks for the drink†. When the policewoman says â€Å"err† we can see that she is uneasy speaking to Mrs Lyons. However, we can see that the policewoman respects Mrs Lyons as she always calls he by her proper name, and is polite to her as we see when she says â€Å"sorry if im interfering† The play begins and ends with the narrator speaking. The final Scene only varies in the last line. â€Å"How one was kept one given away† and â€Å"They were born and died on the self same day†. The line changes at the ends because the twins were shot dead, but at the beginning it is when the twins have just been born and the mother gives on of them away. Another word for narrator is storyteller, and the narrator in Blood Brothers acts like a story teller because he/she tells us the story before it actually happen in the scene. The narrator also comments through out the play. A typical thing that the narrator would refer to is what is happening at that moment in the play. He/she tells us what the characters are feeling which could make us feel differently about the characters. At the beginning of the play the narrator basically tells us that the mother is an evil woman. We see this when the narrator says â€Å"That woman with a stone in place of a heart†. As the play moves on we see the mother's circumstances which shows us that she is not really an evil woman. This makes us feel sympathetic toward the mother, in the way that the narrator talks about her in the play. Also at the beginning of the play we think that Mrs Lyons is an innocent person but she really is not an innocent person because she says that the twins should never meet because if they do they will die. When the twins do meet she kills them both. The narrator does not really give us an idea what Mrs Lyons is like, which could give us the impression that she is up to something and that something is going to happen. The narrator's language and the fact that lines are sung means that what they say is not really realistic. But we still listen to what the narrator is saying. The narrator's lines are like a ballad because the narrator sings most of his/hers lines and it is also telling a sad story, although we don't really see what is so sad about the play until the end of it. The effect is that it lets us know that something is going to happen. The narrator singing sort of brings the audience back to reality, so that they do not get too sunk into the play and so that the message of the play gets across to the audience. The end of the play is quite dramatic. We know that the play is leading up to something bad and we finally find this out in the final scene but it all happens so fast. When Mrs Lyons enters the room and kills both of the twins so suddenly the audience would be shocked. Staging On stage I think Mickey would speak with a lot of slang and informal language. He may dress in old, maybe even second hand clothes. When he moves around the stage he may move very cautious of his surroundings and the people around him. This might be because we know he is a suspicious person so he may think something is going to happen at any moment or someone may do something to him. We can imagine this when he takes one of the sweets that Eddie offers him, trying to work out the catch. On stage I think Eddie may wear posh, top of the range clothes. He would speak in a formal way; he will only speak slang when he is repeating what Mickey has said e.g. â€Å"p***ed off†. The Theatre In The Round is the perfect theatre to perform â€Å"Blood Brothers† as it gives a great atmosphere for the musical. A Theatre In The Round gives the actors the opportunity to enter the stage from the audience, during performances this gives an unbelievable effect, it will ensure that the audience stay in focus with the show and will want to watch. In this show, a lot of emotion is shown in most characters. These characters must show that they have feelings and emotion; they must show this in their gait e.g. a fast walk may show anger. Also, facial expressions are needed to show emotion, a smile would show happiness, a frown would show confusion or anger and a sad face would show unhappiness or sadness. Stage directions are very important in a show like â€Å"Blood Brothers† because there wouldn't be any atmosphere to endure if the actors were stood still, Mickey is a very challenging role which needs to have a lot of emotion, personality and movement. His character needs to be alive at all times because of his personality and lifestyle. Pacing is a very good stage direction for Mickey as he is on edge at most points during the end of the play. However, although Eddie is also a challenging role to perform it requires less emotion and personality than Mickey. Eddie is more laid back than Mickey as he can afford to do most things, this causes their friendship to end at a certain point in the play. The best stage direction for Eddie is a resting position e.g. stretching in a chair. He is more relaxed as he has a better education than Mickey and he cannot understand how Mickey lives his life. The best analogy for the twins would be that Mickey and Eddie are like two magnets that repel in most ways, however, they attract in some ways because of their genetic resemblance. Sound & Sound Effects Throughout the play, there are some very tense moments which will need to be backed up by sound effects. For example, when Mickey approaches Eddie from behind – I am looking at the last scene – he is about to shoot him, there should be some tense, on the edge music. However, when he stopped by Mrs Johnstone, he is told that Eddie is his brother. The sound should then change from tense to slow and calm. At this point he is realising why they weren't allowed to meet each other in the beginning and he is realising why they are so alike. I think that sound is paramount to a play, as it is a necessity for people in the production to learn queues and timing. Conclusion I think that the message of the play is that your life is affected by the social class you are from and that it is a lot harder to get anywhere if you are in a lower social class. We see an example of this in the scene with the policewoman, in the way that Mrs Lyons is treated compared to Mrs Johnstone. With Mrs Lyons, the policewoman underplays the seriousness of the crime that Mickey and Eddie had committed as we see when she says â€Å"As I said it was probably more of a prank†. So Eddie is being let off of it because of his family's higher social class. When the police woman Visits Mickey's house it is a completely different scene, the police woman lays down quite hard on Mickey's mum because of her lower social class, and because she is more of an easy target to pick on. In conclusion I think that Willy Russell is trying to tell people that the higher up your social class, the easier your life will be and the lower down your social class, the harder life will be for you. For many years now social class has remained quite a big thing. The idea came around in the 1770s at the time of the industrial revolution when jobs were cut and the social divide started. Some people became richer and some became poorer which started the idea of social class.

Biography of Catherine Howard, Queen of England

Biography of Catherine Howard, Queen of England Catherine Howard (c. 1523–February 13, 1542) was the fifth wife of Henry VIII. During her brief marriage, she was officially the Queen of England. Howard was beheaded for adultery and unchastity in 1542. Fast Facts: Catherine Howard Known For: Howard was briefly the Queen of England; her husband Henry VIII ordered her to be beheaded for adultery.Born: 1523 in London, EnglandParents: Lord Edmund Howard  and  Joyce CulpeperDied: February 13, 1542 in London, EnglandSpouse: King Henry VIII (m. 1540) Early Life Catherine Howard was born in London, England, sometime around 1523. Her parents were  Lord Edmund Howard  and  Joyce Culpeper. In 1531, through the influence of his niece Anne Boleyn, Edmund Howard obtained a position as comptroller for Henry VIII in Calais. When her father went to Calais, Catherine Howard was placed in the care of Agnes Tilney, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, her fathers stepmother.  Howard lived with Agnes Tilney at Chesworth House and then at Norfolk House. She was one of many young nobles sent to live under Agnes Tilneys supervision- and that supervision was notably loose.  Howards education, which included reading and writing and music, was directed by Tilney. Youthful Indiscretions About 1536, while living with Tilney at Chesworth House, Howard had a sexual relationship with a music tutor, Henry Manox (Mannox or Mannock). Tilney reportedly struck Howard when she caught the two together. Manox followed her to Norfolk House and tried to continue a relationship. Manox was eventually replaced in young Howards affections by Frances Dereham, a secretary and relative. Howard shared a bed at the Tilney home with Katherine Tilney, and the two were visited a few times in their bedchamber by Dereham and Edward Malgrave, a cousin of Henry Manox, Howards former love. Howard and Dereham apparently did consummate their relationship, reportedly calling each other husband and wife and promising marriage- what to the church amounted to a contract of marriage. Manox heard gossip of the relationship and jealously reported it to Agnes Tilney. When Dereham saw the warning note, he guessed it had been written by Manox, which implies that Dereham knew of Howards relationship with him.  Tilney again struck her granddaughter for her behavior and sought to end the relationship. Howard was sent to court, and  Dereham went to Ireland. At Court Howard was to serve as a lady in waiting to Henry VIIIs newest (fourth) queen, Anne of Cleves, soon to arrive in England. This assignment was probably arranged by her uncle, Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk and one of Henrys advisors.  Anne of Cleves arrived in England in December 1539, and Henry may have first seen Howard at that event. At court, she caught the kings attention, as he was quite quickly unhappy in his new marriage. Henry started courting Howard, and by May was publicly giving her gifts. Anne complained of this attraction to the ambassador from her homeland. Marriage Henry had his marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled on July 9, 1540. He then married Catherine Howard on July 28, generously bestowing jewelry and other expensive gifts on his much-younger and attractive bride. On their wedding day, Thomas Cromwell, who had arranged the marriage of Henry to Anne of Cleves, was executed. Howard was publicly made queen on August 8. Early the next year, Howard began a flirtation- perhaps more- with one of Henrys favorites, Thomas Culpeper, who was also a distant relative on her mothers side and who had a reputation for lechery. Arranging their clandestine meetings was Howards lady of the privy chamber, Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, widow of George Boleyn who had been executed with his sister Anne Boleyn. Only Lady Rochford and Katherine Tilney were permitted into Howards rooms when Culpeper was present. Whether Culpeper and Howard were lovers or whether she was pressured by him but did not acquiesce to his sexual advances is unknown. Howard was even more reckless than to pursue that relationship; she brought her old lovers Manox and Dereham to court as well, as her musician and secretary. Dereham bragged about their relationship, and she may have made the appointments in an attempt to silence them about their past. Charges On November 2, 1541, Cranmer confronted Henry with the allegations about Howards indiscretions. Henry at first did not believe the allegations. Dereham and Culpeper confessed to their part in these relationships after being tortured, and Henry abandoned Howard. Cranmer zealously pursued the case against Howard. She was charged with unchastity before her marriage and with concealing her precontract and her indiscretions from the king before their marriage, thereby committing treason. She was also accused of adultery, which for a queen consort was also treason. A number of Howards relatives were also questioned about her past, and some were charged with treasonous acts for concealing her sexual past. These relatives were all pardoned, though some lost their property. On November 23, Howards title of queen was stripped from her. Culpeper and Dereham were executed on December 10 and their heads displayed on London Bridge. Death On January 21, 1542, Parliament passed a bill of attainder making Howards actions an executable offense. She was taken to the Tower of London on February 10, Henry signed the bill of attainder, and she was executed on the morning of February 13. Like her cousin Anne Boleyn, also beheaded for treason, Howard was buried without any marker in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula. During Queen Victorias reign in the 19th century, both bodies were exhumed and identified, and their resting places were marked. Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, was also beheaded. She was  buried with Howard. Legacy Historians and scholars have struggled to reach a consensus about Howard, with some describing her as a deliberate troublemaker and others characterizing her as an innocent victim of King Henrys rages. Howard has been depicted in a variety of plays, films, and television series, including The Private Life of Henry VIII and The Tudors. Ford Madox Ford wrote a fictionalized version of her life in the novel The Fifth Queen. Sources Crawford, Anne.  Letters of the Queens of England, 1100-1547. Alan Sutton, 1994.Fraser, Antonia. The Wives of Henry VIII. 1993.Weir, Alison.  The Six Wives of Henry VIII. Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

Decision Making Process

Decision Making Process Decision making has a key role in determining the success of an organization, given that resources and other important parts of a company are influenced by decisions made. The speed with which decisions can be made is of essence as it directly determines the rate of duty execution thus; it is paramount for decisions to be timely. This has elicited debate as to which strategy of decision making between decentralized or centralized is better for organizations to adopt.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The management of AES for example, is inclined to the decentralized strategy of decision making. Though the organization stresses on four core values that must be followed by everybody, each department has the freedom of choosing which method to use in executing their duties bearing in mind the core values (O’Reilly Pferffer 2000). Human resource department i s not part of the organization’s strategy of decision making instead, employees are supposed to come up with ways of tackling issues in their line of duty. It is the responsibility of the employees to organize for training sessions whenever they are faced with difficult situations or issues that they are not conversant with. Through this, the employees of AES have learned to be responsible for their actions and they feel they are part of the people who will make the organization succeed and therefore, their level of productivity has increased. The strategy helps the organization in adapting fast to the dynamic business world and expedites the decision making process, as well as enhancing common set of values that are followed by each employee (O’Reilly Pfeffer 2000). Centralized decision making strategy does not provide for flexibility incase there are unforeseen changes in the business environment therefore, giving the opponents a competitive advantage in such instan ces. The easiness and speed of decision making that is associated with decentralized decision making strategy allows quick reaction to the dynamics of the business world, and that is what has helped AES to prosper. When people work as a team, the average output of the organization is improved since team members are ready to help each other hence eliminating inefficiency. Decentralized strategy of decision making highly advocates for employees to work as a team hence increasing productivity (Ariunaa 2010). Different individuals have knowledge in different issues therefore, incorporating them in the decision making process ensures that high value decisions are made. On the same note, decentralized decision making strategy allows employees of various departments to use the experience they might have regarding their department or apply the knowledge they have to run and upgrade these sections. This ensures that the latest knowledge is used to run any given department thus, uphosslding e fficiency in production.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conjunction with that, employees are able to change the way they carry out some duties without necessarily waiting for approval from the top management, which sometimes takes long thus, increasing their efficiency. It should be noted that it is easier for a person to discover his or her area of weakness and change it rather than waiting for the authorities to correct the same (Griffin 2010). Additionally, decentralized strategy makes use of division and specialization of labor which ensures that each employee performs to his or her best thus, taking advantage of wide expertise of the employees. Furthermore, sluggishness of business operations is avoided in decentralized strategy as opposed to centralized strategy where decision making process may take a long duration because the top management has to meet and make decisions. As far as decentralized strategy is concerned, a problem once discovered can easily be managed and normal operations resume without delay because the people who are supposed to make decisions are easily accessed (Griffin 2010). If a mistake occurs in decision making process, the whole system is not broken down if the organization uses decentralized strategy since only one department gets affected, while in centralized strategy the whole process can easily be brought to a halt by a single mistake. On the other hand, decentralized strategy has its setbacks that can sometimes hinder operations if not taken care of. To begin with, given the diverse views that people may have, it sometimes becomes difficult to make these people agree on one idea regarding certain issues and this may annoy those whose ideas do not carry the day therefore reducing their morale at work (Ariunaa 2010). On the same note, it is very easy for the organization to lose focus on the core values if employees are given too much freedom to do what they think is right, because the tendency of getting out of line is high. Therefore, it is advantageous if an organization decentralizes some of the decision making process but centralizes the implementation of the core values and the promotion of organizational culture and mission.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Each department needs some level of freedom to solve its own problems as the people there have the first hand information of what affects them. On top of that, employees feel valued if they are involved in the decision making process and they will increase their efficiency which in turn increases the general output of the company (Griffin 2010). References Ariunaa, L. (2010). Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization in Mongolia. Potsdam: Universittsverlag Potsdam. Griffin, W. R. (2010). Management. St anford: Cengage Learning. O’Reilly, A. C., Pfeffer, J. (2000). Hidden Value. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.